Friday, November 10, 2006

The Shanghai Taxi Driver's MBA Lecture

All the MBAs of the world.. this is awesome... .. have patience and read it carefully .. am sure you will love it ... This is so so coolll.....
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I needed to go from Xujiahui to the airport, so I hurriedly concluded a meeting and I was looking for a taxi in front of the Meiluo building. A taxi driver saw me and very professionally came in a straight line and stopped right in front of me. Thus followed the story that astonished me greatly as if I had attended a lively MBA course. In order to faithfully preserve the intent of the taxi driver, I have tried to reproduce his original words according to my memory.

"Where do you want to go? Good, the airport. At Xujiahui, I loved to get business in front of the Meiluo building. Over here, I only work two places: Meiluo building and Junyao building. Did you know? Before I picked you up, I circled around Meiluo building twice before I saw you! People who come out of office building are definitely not going to some place nearby ...."

"Oh? You have a method!" I agreed.

"A taxi driver must also have scientific methods," he said. I was surprised and I got curious: "What scientific methods?"

"I have to know statistics. I have made detailed calculations. Let me tell you. I operate the car 17 hours a day, and my hourly cost is 34.5 RMB ...."

"How did you arrive at that?" I asked

"You calculate. I have to pay 380 RMB to the company each day for the car. The gas is about 210 RMB. I work 17 hours per day. On an hourly basis, the fixed cost is the 22 RMB that I give to the taxi company and an average of 12.5 RMB per hour in gasoline expenses. Isn't that 34.5 RMB?" I was a bit surprised. I have taken taxis for ten years, but this is the first time that a taxi driver has calculated the costs this way. Previously, the taxi drivers all tell me that the cost per kilometre was 0.3 RMB in addition to the total company fee.

"Costs should not be calculated on a per-kilometre basis. It should be calculated on an hourly basis. You see, each meter has a 'review' function through which you can see the details of the day. I have done a data analysis. The average time gap between customers is seven minutes. If I started counting the costs when someone gets in, it is 10 RMB for about 10 minutes. That means each 10 RMB customer takes 17 minutes of time, which costs 9.8 RMB (=34.5 x 17 / 60). This is not making money! If we say that customers who want to go to Pudong, Hangzhou or Qingpu are like meals, then a 10 RMB customer is not even a bite of food. You can only say that this is just a sprinkle of MSG."

Great! This driver did not sound like a taxi driver. He seemed more like an accountant. "So what you do then?" I was even more interested and I continued my questioning. It looked like I was going to learn something new on the way to the airport.

"You must not let the customer lead you all over the place. You decide what you want to do based upon the location, time and customer." I was very surprised, but this sounded significant. "Someone said that the taxi driving is a profession that depends on luck. I don't think so. You have to stand in the position of the customer and consider things from the customer's perspective. " This sounded very professional, and very much like many business management teachers who say "put yourself in others' shoes."

"Let me give you an example. You are at the entrance to a hospital. There is someone holding some medicine and there is someone else holding a wash basin. Which person will you pick up?" I thought about it and I said that I didn't know.

"You take the one with the wash basin. If you have a minor complaint that you want to be examined and to get some medicine, you don't usually go to a faraway hospital. Anyone who is carrying a wash basin has just been discharged from the hospital. When people enter the hospital, some of them die. Today, someone on the second floor dies. Tomorrow, someone on the third floor dies. Those who make it out of the hospital usually have a feeling of having been given a second life and they recognize the meaning of life again -- health is the most important thing. So on that day, that person told me, "Go ... go to Qingpu." He did not even blink. Would you say that he wanted to take a taxi to People's Plaza to transfer to the Qingpu line subway? Absolutely not!"

I began to admire him.

"Let me give you another example. That day at People's Plaza, three people were waving at me. One was a young woman who had just finished shopping and was holding some small bags. Another was a young couple who were out for a stroll. The third one was a man who wore a silk shirt and a down jacket and holding a notebook computer bag. I spent three seconds looking at each person and I stopped in front of the man without hesitation. When the man got in, he said: 'Yannan Elevated Highway. South North Elevated Highway ....' Before even finishing, he could not help but ask, 'Why did you stop in front of me without hesitating? There were two people in front. They wanted to get on as well. I was too embarrassed to fight with them.' I replied, 'It is around noon and just a dozen or so minutes before one o'clock. That young woman must have slipped out at noon to buy something and I guess that her company must be nearby. That couple are tourists because they are not holding anything and they are not going to travel far. You are going out on business. You are holding a notebook computer bag, so I can tell that this is business. If you are going out at this time, I guess that it would not be too close.' The man said, 'You are right. I'm going to Baoshan.'"

"Are those people wearing pyjamas in front of supermarkets or subway stations going to travel far? Are they going to the airport? The airport is not going to let them enter."

That makes sense! I was liking this more and more.

"Many drivers complain that business is tough and the price of gas has gone up. They are trying to pin the cause down on other people. If you keep pinning the cause on other people, you will never get any better. You must look at yourself to see where the problem is." This sounds very familiar. It seems like "If you cannot change the world, then you should change yourself" or perhaps a pirated copy of Steven Corey's "Circles of Influence and Concern."
"One time, on Nandan Road, someone flagged me down and wanted to go to Tianlin. Later on, someone else flagged me down on Nandan Road and he also wanted to go to Tianlin. So I asked, 'How come all you people who come out on Nandan Road want to go to Tianlin?' He said, 'There is a public bus depot at Nandan Road. We all take the public bus from Pudong to there, and then we take the taxi to Tianlin. So I understood. For example, you look at the road that we just passed. There are no offices, no hotels, nothing. Just a public bus station. Those people who flag down taxis there are mostly people who just got off the public bus, and they look for the shortest road for a taxi. People who flag down taxis here will usually ride not more than 15 RMB."

"Therefore, I say that the attitude determines everything!" I have heard dozens of company CEOs say that, but this was the first time that I heard a taxi driver say that.

"We need to use scientific methods and statistics to conduct business. Those people who wait at the subway exits every day for business will never make money. How are you going to provide for your wife and kids at 500 RMB a month? This is murder? This is slowly murdering your whole family. You must arm yourself with knowledge. You have to learn knowledge to become a smart person. A smart person learns knowledge in order to become a very smart person. A very smart person learns knowledge in order to become a genius."

"One time, a person wanted a taxi in order to get to the train station. I asked him how he wanted to go. He told me how to get there. I said that was slow. I said to get on the elevated highway and go this other way. He said that it was a longer way. I said, 'No problem. You have experience because you go that way frequently. It costs you 50 RMB. If you go my way, I will turn off the meter when it reaches 50 RMB. You can just pay me 50 RMB. Anything more is mine. If you go your way, it will take 50 minutes. If I go my way, it will take 25 minutes.' So in the end, we went my way. We travelled an additional four kilometres but 25 minutes quicker. I accepted only 50 RMB. The customer was very delighted for saving about 10 RMB. This extra four kilometres cost me just over 1 RMB in gas. So I have swapped 1 RMB for 25 extra minutes of my time. As I just said, my hourly cost is 34.5 RMB. It was quite worthwhile for me!"

"In a public taxi company, an ordinary driver takes three to four thousand RMB home per month. The good driver can get around five thousand. The top driver can get seven thousand RMB. Out of the 20,000 drivers, there are about two to three who can make more than 8,000 RMB a month. I am one of those two or three. Furthermore, it is very stable without too much fluctuation. "

Great! By this point, I admired this taxi driver more and more.

"I often say that I am a happy driver. Some people say, 'That's because you earn a lot of money. Of course, you must be happy.' I tell them, 'You are wrong. This is because I have a happy and active mind, and that is why I make a lot of money.'"

What a wonderful way to put it!

"You have to appreciate the beauty that your work brings. Stuck in a traffic jam at People's Plaza, many drivers complain, 'Oh, there's a traffic jam again! What rotten luck!' You must not be like that. You should try to experience the beauty of the city. There are many pretty girls passing by. There are many tall modern buildings; although you cannot afford them, you can still enjoy them with an appreciative look. While driving to the airport, you can look at the greenery on both sides. In the winter, it is white. How beautiful! Look at the meter -- it is more than 100 RMB. That is even more beautiful! Each job has its own beauty. We need to learn how to experience that beauty in our work."

"Ten years ago, I was a general instructor at Johnson's. Eight years ago, I had been the department manager for three different departments. I quit because there was no point in making three or five thousand a month. I decided to become a taxi driver. I want to be a happy driver. Ha ha ha ...."

When we arrived at the airport, I gave him my business card and said, "Are you interested in coming this Friday to my office and explain to the Microsoft workers about how you operate your taxi? You can treat it as if your meter is running at 60 kilometres per hour. I will pay you for the time that you talk to us. Give me a call." Then I began to write down his lively MBA lecture on the airplane.

Thursday, November 09, 2006

Driftwood - Lyrics

Everything is open
Nothing is set in stone
Rivers turn to ocean
Oceans tide you home
Home is where your heart is
But your heart had to roam
Drifting over bridges
Never to return
Watching bridges burn
Youre driftwood floating underwater
Breaking into pieces pieces pieces
Just driftwood hollow and of no use
Waterfalls will find you bind you grind you
Nobody is an island
Everyone has to go
Pillars turn to butter
Butterflying low
Low is where your heart is
But your heart has to grow
Drifting under bridges
Never with the flow
And you really didnt think it would happen
But it really is the end of the line
So Im sorry that you turned to driftwood
But youve been drifting for a long long time
Everywhere theres trouble
Nowheres safe to go
Pushes turn to shovels
Shovelling the snow
Frozen you have chosen
The path you wish to go
Drifting now forever
And forever more
Until you reach your shore
Youre driftwood floating underwater
Breaking into pieces p ieces pieces
Just driftwood hollow and of no use
Waterfalls will find you bind you grind you
And you really didnt think it would happen
But it really is the end of the line
So Im sorry that you turned to driftwood
But youve been drifting for a long long time
Youve been drifting for a long long time
Youve been drifting for a long long
Drifting for a long long time

--- Thanx Ragi for Introducing me to this beautiful song

Thursday, October 19, 2006

Karma Yoga as Strategy

A beautiful article I stumbled upon recently....

A MANAGEMENT scholar once remarked that there are as many definitions of strategy as there are writers on the subject. Today, according to Henry Mintzberg, as many as ten major schools of strategy exist. These schools approach strategy from diverse, and sometimes conflicting, perspectives. However, two basic elements permeate all these schools of thought.

The first sees strategy as the `fit' between an organisation and its environment. The second views strategy as goal-directed action. These two notions came close to being challenged in the 1970s, with the advent and development of the "descriptive" approach. Henry Mintzberg, one of its chief protagonists, pointed out that strategies get formed — they cannot be formulated in advance.

Given the impossibility of predicting outcomes, only some elements of an intended strategy get realised, while most fall by the roadside, unrealised. Again, realised strategy includes a component that consists of unintended outcomes — the emergent strategy. According to Mintzberg, strategy involves synthesis and calls for the exercise of judgement and creativity. It cannot be reduced to the analytical task of planning or programming.

Having challenged mainstream thinking in this fashion, scholars who viewed strategy `emergent' did not carry forward their arguments to their logical conclusion.

If strategies are emergent, what use are goals? Quinn sought to answer this riddle by postulating that managers need to be goal-directed, but to reach these goals, they should adopt the approach of logical incrementalism, recasting both the goals and actions in small steps till the appropriate configuration of strategy, structure systems and other organisational attributes they have to achieve become clear.

Recently, a new school of thought based on the theory of complexity challenged the concept of fit, so central to strategic management. This school has advanced an alternative view of strategy in which "co-evolution" replaces the notion of "organisation-environment fit".

In the complexity-based view, organisation-environment relationships are viewed as inter-organisational networks. Organisations co-evolve with other organisations and entities external to them, driven more by their internal forces of "self-organisation" than by the external forces of environmental selection.

While this co-evolution takes an organisation far from equilibrium, the latter stays within a bounded region in parameter space, called the "strange attractor". These strange attractors are emergent and cannot be predicted in advance. The only constant, then, according to this school of thought, is change. Organisations survive and thrive by being in a state termed the edge of chaos — a state of constant flux bordering on the chaotic, but not chaotic. What differentiates this state from a chaotic state of random changes is the fact that the parameters of the organisation, while constantly changing, remain confined to "strange attractors".

Two things are clear from the tenets of complexity theory. First, the task of strategy is not to structure the organisation to achieve the best fit with the environment. The task, instead, is to maintain it at the edge of chaos by ensuring resource modularity and experimenting with ever-new configurations of organisational resources. Second, since outcomes are unpredictable, long-term goal setting would be futile. This calls for repudiating the view of strategy as goal-directed action.

While contemporary strategic management thought has transcended "fit" and equilibrium because of complexity theory, it is yet to go the whole way and repudiate strategy as goal-directed action. Many protagonists of the complexity theory still adhere to goals and predictable outcomes. Thus, while some are concerned with predicting the shape of strange attractors in advance, others are engaged in empirically finding out linkages between the "edge of chaos state" and profits.

The objective is to somehow arrive at new prescriptions for enhancing goal-attainment. This hesitation to go beyond goal-directed action perhaps stems from the Occidental mindset. One realised this while interacting with an American Jesuit, also an ethics consultant to MNCs. When talking about the Karma theory even the man of religion could not help interjecting, "If goals are not important, what are?" If strategy is not goal-directed, it is not difficult to see that complexity theory is taking strategic management towards a "Karmic" strategy paradigm — strategy as selfless action, as action without regard to its outcome.

Karma Yoga is not only the performance of actions without expectation of reward, but is, in addition, the performance of actions according to the yuga dharma. What is the yuga dharma that can guide organisational actions? Complexity theory points to seeking and achieving ever-new resource combinations as this dharma.

The reader familiar with Schumpeter would readily recognise that this is exactly what entrepreneurship is all about — combining factors of production in new ways. And, by definition, that which is new is not old or previously conceived.

Complexity theory calls for businesses to adopt entrepreneurship than the accumulation of profits as their dharma. Even Karl Marx was not averse to recognising this "revolutionary" side of capitalism, while opposing its other side of greed and aggrandisement.

Just as Vivekananda exhorted the western world to "go back to Christ" years ago, "Go back to being entrepreneurs" is what complexity theory seems to be telling the capitalist world now.

Ironically enough, rewards seek out the karma yogi whose actions are not driven by the expected fruits of his actions. It can be shown that the same is true of the business world. A re-look at corporate success stories would establish this fact.

A detailed examination of the history of Sony would reveal that the secret of its success was not — as Gary Hamel and Prahalad would have us believe — the core competence it deliberately built over years, but its devotion to creating new products as a goal in itself. In today's hyper-competitive environment, expecting businesses to repudiate profits and focus on entrepreneurship instead may sound like expecting a man-eater to turn vegetarian. But the rewards await the vegetarian tigers, not the man-eaters.

Heard Somewhere

"Abstaining from sex for few days Doesnt help you Qualify as a Virgin "

Good Quotes...

When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went directly to a shop where they sold toys for children; and, being charmed with the sound of a whistle, that I met by the way in the hands of another boy, I voluntarily offered and gave all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but disturbing all the family. My brothers, and sisters, and cousins, understanding the bargain I had made, told me I had given four times as much for it as it was worth; put me in mind what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money; and laughed at me so much for my folly, that I cried with vexation; and the reflection gave me more chagrin than the whistle gave me pleasure. This however was afterwards of use to me, the impression continuing on my mind; so that often, when I was tempted to buy some unnecessary thing, I said to myself, Don't give too much for the whistle; and I saved my money. -- Benjamin Franklin, letter to Madame Brillon, November 10, 1779
------------------------------------------------------------------------
There never was a good war or a bad peace. -- Benjamin Franklin, letter to Josiah Quincy, September 11, 1783
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In practice all men are atheists; they deny their faith by their actions. -- Ludwig Feuerbach, source unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. -- Henry David Thoreau, Walden
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are times when one would like to hang the whole human race, and finish the farce. -- Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A cynic is a man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. -- Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere's Fan
------------------------------------------------------------------------